Abstract
The study by Central Connecticut State University in 2016 ranked Indonesia in the 60th position on literacy level and behaviors from 61 participating countries. The study measured participants literacy behavior and indicators such as the availability of books, newspapers, libraries, computers, and educational inputs and outputs. The result of the study, which was published to popular and academic platforms, was shocking and opened the eyes of the Indonesian academia, government, and media. Soon in the same year, the government of the Republic of Indonesia initiated the National Literacy Movement (NLM), which focused on increasing 6 basic literacy abilities, namely literacy of reading and writing, numeracy literacy, scientific literacy, financial literacy, digital literacy, and cultural and citizenship literacy